Merge pull request kodecocodes#45 from rothomp3/master

Treap using Indirect Enums

Author: Chris Pilcher

Treap/Treap.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+//
+//  Treap.swift
+//  TreapExample
+//
+//  Created by Robert Thompson on 7/27/15.
+//  Copyright © 2016 Robert Thompson
+/* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.*/
+
+import Foundation
+
+public indirect enum Treap<Key: Comparable, Element> {
+    case Empty
+    case Node(key: Key, val: Element, p: Int, left: Treap, right: Treap)
+
+    public init() {
+        self = .Empty
+    }
+
+    internal func get(key: Key) -> Element? {
+        switch self {
+        case .Empty:
+            return nil
+        case let .Node(treeKey, val, _, _, _) where treeKey == key:
+            return val
+        case let .Node(treeKey, _, _, left, _) where key < treeKey:
+            return left.get(key)
+        case let .Node(treeKey, _, _, _, right) where key > treeKey:
+            return right.get(key)
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public func contains(key: Key) -> Bool {
+        switch self {
+        case .Empty:
+            return false
+        case let .Node(treeKey, _, _, _, _) where treeKey == key:
+            return true
+        case let .Node(treeKey, _, _, left, _) where key < treeKey:
+            return left.contains(key)
+        case let .Node(treeKey, _, _, _, right) where key > treeKey:
+            return right.contains(key)
+        default:
+            return false
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public var depth: Int {
+        get {
+            switch self {
+            case .Empty:
+                return 0
+            case let .Node(_, _, _, left, .Empty):
+                return 1 + left.depth
+            case let .Node(_, _, _, .Empty, right):
+                return 1 + right.depth
+            case let .Node(_, _, _, left, right):
+                let leftDepth = left.depth
+                let rightDepth = right.depth
+                return 1 + max(leftDepth, rightDepth)
+            }
+            
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public var count: Int {
+        get {
+            return Treap.countHelper(self)
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private static func countHelper(treap: Treap<Key, Element>) -> Int
+    {
+        if case let .Node(_, _, _, left, right) = treap
+        {
+            return countHelper(left) + 1 + countHelper(right)
+        }
+        
+        return 0
+    }
+}
+
+internal func leftRotate<Key: Comparable, Element>(tree: Treap<Key, Element>) -> Treap<Key, Element> {
+    if case let .Node(key, val, p, .Node(leftKey, leftVal, leftP, leftLeft, leftRight), right) = tree {
+        return .Node(key: leftKey, val: leftVal, p: leftP, left: leftLeft, right: Treap.Node(key: key, val: val, p: p, left: leftRight, right: right))
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return .Empty
+    }
+}
+
+internal func rightRotate<Key: Comparable, Element>(tree: Treap<Key, Element>) -> Treap<Key, Element> {
+    if case let .Node(key, val, p, left, .Node(rightKey, rightVal, rightP, rightLeft, rightRight)) = tree {
+        return .Node(key: rightKey, val: rightVal, p: rightP, left: Treap.Node(key: key, val: val, p: p, left: left, right: rightLeft), right: rightRight)
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return .Empty
+    }
+}
+
+public extension Treap {
+    internal func set(key: Key, val: Element, p: Int = Int(arc4random())) -> Treap {
+        switch self {
+        case .Empty:
+            return .Node(key: key, val: val, p: p, left: .Empty, right: .Empty)
+        case let .Node(nodeKey, nodeVal, nodeP, left, right) where key != nodeKey:
+            return insertAndBalance(nodeKey, nodeVal, nodeP, left, right, key, val, p)
+        case let .Node(nodeKey, _, nodeP, left, right) where key == nodeKey:
+            return .Node(key: key, val: val, p: nodeP, left: left, right: right)
+        default: // should never happen
+            return .Empty
+        }
+        
+    }
+    
+    private func insertAndBalance(nodeKey: Key, _ nodeVal: Element, _ nodeP: Int, _ left: Treap, _ right: Treap, _ key: Key, _ val: Element, _ p: Int) -> Treap {
+        let newChild: Treap<Key, Element>
+        let newNode: Treap<Key, Element>
+        let rotate: (Treap) -> Treap
+        if key < nodeKey {
+            newChild = left.set(key, val: val, p: p)
+            newNode = .Node(key: nodeKey, val: nodeVal, p: nodeP, left: newChild, right: right)
+            rotate = leftRotate
+        }
+        else if key > nodeKey {
+            newChild = right.set(key, val: val, p: p)
+            newNode = .Node(key: nodeKey, val: nodeVal, p: nodeP, left: left, right: newChild)
+            rotate = rightRotate
+        }
+        else {
+            // It should be impossible to reach here
+            newChild = .Empty
+            newNode = .Empty
+            return newNode
+        }
+        
+        if case let .Node(_, _, newChildP, _, _) = newChild where newChildP < nodeP {
+            return rotate(newNode)
+        }
+        else {
+            return newNode
+        }
+    }
+    
+    internal func delete(key: Key) throws -> Treap {
+        switch self {
+        case .Empty:
+            throw NSError(___domain: "com.wta.treap.errorDomain", code: -1, userInfo: nil)
+        case let .Node(nodeKey, val, p, left, right) where key < nodeKey:
+                return try Treap.Node(key: nodeKey, val: val, p: p, left: left.delete(key), right: right)
+        case let .Node(nodeKey, val, p, left, right) where key > nodeKey:
+                return try Treap.Node(key: nodeKey, val: val, p: p, left: left, right: right.delete(key))
+        case let .Node(_, _, _, left, right):
+                return merge(left, right: right)
+        }
+    }
+}