Rollup merge of rust-lang#144167 - zachs18:rangebounds-not-unsized-reason, r=tgross35

Document why `Range*<&T> as RangeBounds<T>` impls are not `T: ?Sized`, and give an alternative.

`Range*<&T> as RangeBounds<T>` impls have been tried to be relaxed to `T: ?Sized` at least twice:

* rust-lang#61584
* rust-lang#64327

I also was just about to make another PR to do it again until I `./x.py test library/alloc` and rediscovered the type inference regression, then searched around and found the previous PRs. Hence this PR instead so hopefully that doesn't keep happening 😛.

These impls cannot be relaxed for two reasons:

1. Type inference regressions: See ``@SimonSapin's`` explanation from a previous PR: rust-lang#61584 (comment)
2. It's a breaking change: `impl RangeBounds<MyUnsizedType> for std::ops::Range<&MyUnsizedType>` is allowed after the coherence rebalance ([playground link](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2024&gist=f704a6fe53bfc33e55b2fc246d895ec2)), and relaxing these impls would conflict with that downstream impl.

This PR adds doc-comments explaining that not having `T: ?Sized` is intentional[^1], and gives an explicit alternative: `(Bound<&T>, Bound<&T>)`.

Technically, the impls for the unstable new `std::range` types could be relaxed, as they are still unstable so the change would not be breaking, but having them be different in this regard seems worse (and the non-iterable `RangeTo/RangeToInclusive` range types are shared between the "new" and "old" so cannot be changed anyway), and then the type inference regression would pop up in whatever edition the new range types stabilize in.

The "see \<link\> for discussion of those issues" is intentionally left as a non-doc comment just for whoever may try to relax these impls again in the future, but if it is preferred to have the link in the docs I can add that.

Closes rust-lang#107196 (as wontfix)
CC rust-lang#64027

[^1]: "intentional" is maybe a bit of strong wording, should it instead say something like "was stabilized without it and it would be breaking to change it now"?

Author: Zalathar

core/src/ops/range.rs

@@ -1141,6 +1141,12 @@ impl<'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> RangeBounds<T> for (Bound<&'a T>, Bound<&'a T>) {
     }
 }
 
+// This impl intentionally does not have `T: ?Sized`;
+// see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/61584 for discussion of why.
+//
+/// If you need to use this implementation where `T` is unsized,
+/// consider using the `RangeBounds` impl for a 2-tuple of [`Bound<&T>`][Bound],
+/// i.e. replace `start..` with `(Bound::Included(start), Bound::Unbounded)`.
 #[stable(feature = "collections_range", since = "1.28.0")]
 impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for RangeFrom<&T> {
     fn start_bound(&self) -> Bound<&T> {
@@ -1151,6 +1157,12 @@ impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for RangeFrom<&T> {
     }
 }
 
+// This impl intentionally does not have `T: ?Sized`;
+// see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/61584 for discussion of why.
+//
+/// If you need to use this implementation where `T` is unsized,
+/// consider using the `RangeBounds` impl for a 2-tuple of [`Bound<&T>`][Bound],
+/// i.e. replace `..end` with `(Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Excluded(end))`.
 #[stable(feature = "collections_range", since = "1.28.0")]
 impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for RangeTo<&T> {
     fn start_bound(&self) -> Bound<&T> {
@@ -1161,6 +1173,12 @@ impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for RangeTo<&T> {
     }
 }
 
+// This impl intentionally does not have `T: ?Sized`;
+// see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/61584 for discussion of why.
+//
+/// If you need to use this implementation where `T` is unsized,
+/// consider using the `RangeBounds` impl for a 2-tuple of [`Bound<&T>`][Bound],
+/// i.e. replace `start..end` with `(Bound::Included(start), Bound::Excluded(end))`.
 #[stable(feature = "collections_range", since = "1.28.0")]
 impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for Range<&T> {
     fn start_bound(&self) -> Bound<&T> {
@@ -1171,6 +1189,12 @@ impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for Range<&T> {
     }
 }
 
+// This impl intentionally does not have `T: ?Sized`;
+// see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/61584 for discussion of why.
+//
+/// If you need to use this implementation where `T` is unsized,
+/// consider using the `RangeBounds` impl for a 2-tuple of [`Bound<&T>`][Bound],
+/// i.e. replace `start..=end` with `(Bound::Included(start), Bound::Included(end))`.
 #[stable(feature = "collections_range", since = "1.28.0")]
 impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for RangeInclusive<&T> {
     fn start_bound(&self) -> Bound<&T> {
@@ -1181,6 +1205,12 @@ impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for RangeInclusive<&T> {
     }
 }
 
+// This impl intentionally does not have `T: ?Sized`;
+// see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/61584 for discussion of why.
+//
+/// If you need to use this implementation where `T` is unsized,
+/// consider using the `RangeBounds` impl for a 2-tuple of [`Bound<&T>`][Bound],
+/// i.e. replace `..=end` with `(Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Included(end))`.
 #[stable(feature = "collections_range", since = "1.28.0")]
 impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for RangeToInclusive<&T> {
     fn start_bound(&self) -> Bound<&T> {

core/src/range.rs

@@ -167,6 +167,12 @@ impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for Range<T> {
     }
 }
 
+// This impl intentionally does not have `T: ?Sized`;
+// see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/61584 for discussion of why.
+//
+/// If you need to use this implementation where `T` is unsized,
+/// consider using the `RangeBounds` impl for a 2-tuple of [`Bound<&T>`][Bound],
+/// i.e. replace `start..end` with `(Bound::Included(start), Bound::Excluded(end))`.
 #[unstable(feature = "new_range_api", issue = "125687")]
 impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for Range<&T> {
     fn start_bound(&self) -> Bound<&T> {
@@ -346,6 +352,12 @@ impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for RangeInclusive<T> {
     }
 }
 
+// This impl intentionally does not have `T: ?Sized`;
+// see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/61584 for discussion of why.
+//
+/// If you need to use this implementation where `T` is unsized,
+/// consider using the `RangeBounds` impl for a 2-tuple of [`Bound<&T>`][Bound],
+/// i.e. replace `start..=end` with `(Bound::Included(start), Bound::Included(end))`.
 #[unstable(feature = "new_range_api", issue = "125687")]
 impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for RangeInclusive<&T> {
     fn start_bound(&self) -> Bound<&T> {
@@ -491,6 +503,12 @@ impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for RangeFrom<T> {
     }
 }
 
+// This impl intentionally does not have `T: ?Sized`;
+// see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/61584 for discussion of why.
+//
+/// If you need to use this implementation where `T` is unsized,
+/// consider using the `RangeBounds` impl for a 2-tuple of [`Bound<&T>`][Bound],
+/// i.e. replace `start..` with `(Bound::Included(start), Bound::Unbounded)`.
 #[unstable(feature = "new_range_api", issue = "125687")]
 impl<T> RangeBounds<T> for RangeFrom<&T> {
     fn start_bound(&self) -> Bound<&T> {