diff --git a/core/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/system/OutputCapture.java b/core/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/system/OutputCapture.java
index d9b8b468c664..2e44cfccf2bd 100644
--- a/core/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/system/OutputCapture.java
+++ b/core/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/system/OutputCapture.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Deque;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@
  * @author Phillip Webb
  * @author Andy Wilkinson
  * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @author Daniel Schmidt
  * @see OutputCaptureExtension
  * @see OutputCaptureRule
  */
@@ -51,11 +53,14 @@ class OutputCapture implements CapturedOutput {
 
 	private @Nullable AnsiOutputState ansiOutputState;
 
-	private final AtomicReference<String> out = new AtomicReference<>(null);
+	private final AtomicLong outVersion = new AtomicLong();
+	private final AtomicReference<VersionedCacheResult> out = new AtomicReference<>(null);
 
-	private final AtomicReference<String> err = new AtomicReference<>(null);
+	private final AtomicLong errVersion = new AtomicLong();
+	private final AtomicReference<VersionedCacheResult> err = new AtomicReference<>(null);
 
-	private final AtomicReference<String> all = new AtomicReference<>(null);
+	private final AtomicLong allVersion = new AtomicLong();
+	private final AtomicReference<VersionedCacheResult> all = new AtomicReference<>(null);
 
 	/**
 	 * Push a new system capture session onto the stack.
@@ -108,7 +113,7 @@ public String toString() {
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public String getAll() {
-		return get(this.all, (type) -> true);
+		return get(this.all, this.allVersion, (type) -> true);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -117,7 +122,7 @@ public String getAll() {
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public String getOut() {
-		return get(this.out, Type.OUT::equals);
+		return get(this.out, this.outVersion, Type.OUT::equals);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -126,7 +131,7 @@ public String getOut() {
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public String getErr() {
-		return get(this.err, Type.ERR::equals);
+		return get(this.err, this.errVersion, Type.ERR::equals);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -138,19 +143,24 @@ void reset() {
 	}
 
 	void clearExisting() {
+		this.outVersion.incrementAndGet();
 		this.out.set(null);
+		this.errVersion.incrementAndGet();
 		this.err.set(null);
+		this.allVersion.incrementAndGet();
 		this.all.set(null);
 	}
 
-	private String get(AtomicReference<String> existing, Predicate<Type> filter) {
+	private String get(AtomicReference<VersionedCacheResult> resultCache, AtomicLong version, Predicate<Type> filter) {
 		Assert.state(!this.systemCaptures.isEmpty(),
 				"No system captures found. Please check your output capture registration.");
-		String result = existing.get();
-		if (result == null) {
-			result = build(filter);
-			existing.compareAndSet(null, result);
+		long currentVersion = version.get();
+		VersionedCacheResult cached = resultCache.get();
+		if (cached != null && cached.version == currentVersion) {
+			return cached.result;
 		}
+		String result = build(filter);
+		resultCache.compareAndSet(null, new VersionedCacheResult(result, currentVersion));
 		return result;
 	}
 
@@ -162,6 +172,10 @@ String build(Predicate<Type> filter) {
 		return builder.toString();
 	}
 
+	private record VersionedCacheResult(String result, long version) {
+
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * A capture session that captures {@link System#out System.out} and {@link System#out
 	 * System.err}.
diff --git a/core/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/system/OutputCaptureTests.java b/core/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/system/OutputCaptureTests.java
index 53d31364b15a..b9fb7e680a79 100644
--- a/core/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/system/OutputCaptureTests.java
+++ b/core/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/system/OutputCaptureTests.java
@@ -19,8 +19,13 @@
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -32,6 +37,7 @@
  * Tests for {@link OutputCapture}.
  *
  * @author Phillip Webb
+ * @author Daniel Schmidt
  */
 class OutputCaptureTests {
 
@@ -188,6 +194,45 @@ void getErrUsesCache() {
 		assertThat(this.output.buildCount).isEqualTo(2);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void getOutCacheShouldNotReturnStaleDataWhenDataIsLoggedWhileReading() throws Exception {
+		this.output.push();
+		System.out.print("A");
+		this.output.waitAfterBuildLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+		ExecutorService executorService = null;
+		try {
+			executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
+			var readingThreadFuture = executorService.submit(() -> {
+				// this will release the releaseAfterBuildLatch and block on the waitAfterBuildLatch
+				assertThat(this.output.getOut()).isEqualTo("A");
+			});
+			var writingThreadFuture = executorService.submit(() -> {
+				// wait until we finished building the first result (but did not yet update the cache)
+				try {
+					this.output.releaseAfterBuildLatch.await();
+				}
+				catch (InterruptedException e) {
+					throw new RuntimeException(e);
+				}
+				// print something else and then release the latch, for the other thread to continue
+				System.out.print("B");
+				this.output.waitAfterBuildLatch.countDown();
+			});
+			readingThreadFuture.get();
+			writingThreadFuture.get();
+		}
+		finally {
+			if (executorService != null) {
+				executorService.shutdown();
+				executorService.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// If not synchronized correctly this will fail, because the second print did not clear the cache and the cache will return stale data.
+		assertThat(this.output.getOut()).isEqualTo("AB");
+	}
+
 	private void pushAndPrint() {
 		this.output.push();
 		System.out.print("A");
@@ -212,10 +257,26 @@ static class TestOutputCapture extends OutputCapture {
 
 		int buildCount;
 
+		@Nullable
+		CountDownLatch waitAfterBuildLatch = null;
+
+		CountDownLatch releaseAfterBuildLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
 		@Override
 		String build(Predicate<Type> filter) {
 			this.buildCount++;
-			return super.build(filter);
+			var result = super.build(filter);
+			this.releaseAfterBuildLatch.countDown();
+			if (this.waitAfterBuildLatch != null) {
+				try {
+					this.waitAfterBuildLatch.await();
+				}
+				catch (InterruptedException e) {
+					Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+					throw new RuntimeException(e);
+				}
+			}
+			return result;
 		}
 
 	}